Abstract Global mango production generates significant agricultural and industrial waste, including non-standard fruits and peels. Herein, flours obtained from the immature fruits of four mango cultivars (Haden, Keitt, Parwin, and Tommy Atkins) were characterized for their physicochemical properties with the goal of valorization as an ingredient in functional food products. Regardless of cultivar, the peel flours represented excellent sources of fiber, with notable calcium, magnesium, manganese, carotenoids, and antioxidant contents as well as high percentage of large particles and good water retention capacity. Pulp flours exhibit high starch content, light color, and fine granulometry. The mango cultivars strongly interfered with the differentiation of the mango peel and pulp flours. The results presented herein show that understanding the characteristics of flours obtained by processing different parts of the fruits of various cultivars can produce composite mango flours with different nutritional and technological properties, expanding their possible uses in food products and driving sustainable agricultural production in terms of efficient crop waste management. nonstandard non standard peels Herein Haden, Haden (Haden Keitt Parwin Atkins cultivar fiber calcium magnesium manganese carotenoids capacity content color granulometry management

ABSTRACT Chill hours availability influence break dormancy, sprouting and production of temperate fruits trees in different regions. However, there are few reports on the subject for fig tree. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the accumulated chilling hours on the physiology and dormancy release of fig cultivars. Stem cuttings of five fig cultivars were collected at the end of winter over two crop cycles and exposed to 0, 40, 80, 120 and 160 accumulated chilling hours (CH) in a cold chamber (8±0.5 ºC). Physiology of fig buds was then evaluated with regards to antioxidant enzymes activity, carbohydrate and nitrogen contents. The exposure of fig stem cuttings with two buds to different accumulated CH presented physiological changes for antioxidant enzymes activity, carbohydrates and nitrogen contents and confirming that the cultivars responded differently to the climatic conditions of each crop cycle. Results detected that the lowest accumulated CH in field in 2018 (2.7 CH) enabled a greater effect of the artificial CH when compared to 2017 (19.5 CH). Each fig cultivar had a critical accumulation point. The cultivars Roxo de Valinhos and Pingo de Mel require less CH to break dormancy, while Troyano requires more CH to finish this vegetative rest period.

Abstract The constant need for innovation in the food industries to meet the demands of consumers and the growing market for gluten-free and high-protein products have driven studies of mixed flour. In this study, 'BRS Platina' banana fruits were processed to obtain Whole Green Banana Flour (WGBF) and Green Banana Pulp Flour (GBPF) as well as leaves of Ora-pro-nóbis Flour (OPNF). Mixed flours were prepared by blending banana flours (WGBF or GBPF) with increasing levels of OPNF (from 5 to 25%). Flours were analyzed for physicochemical characteristics, mineral contents, Water Absorption Index (WAI), Water Solubility Index (WSI), and color. The main component of banana flours was starch, in which GBPF has the highest content. The WGBF had a higher mineral content, and in both flours, the potassium was at a greater level. OPNF showed the highest protein and mineral contents. Independent of the type of banana flour, mixed flours were darker, and had higher WAI and considerable increases in Mg, Fe, and Zn than no mixed ones. The blend of banana flours and Ora-pro-nóbis leaf flour can be a viable combination for preparing a variety of food products, due to its nutritional and technological properties.

Resumo A constante necessidade de inovação nas indústrias alimentícias para atender às demandas dos consumidores e o crescente mercado de produtos sem glúten e com alto teor proteico têm impulsionado os estudos de farinhas mistas. Neste estudo, frutos de banana 'BRS Platina' foram processados para obtenção de farinha integral de banana verde (WGBF) e farinha de polpa de banana (GPBF), e folhas de ora-pro-nóbis foram processadas para obtenção de farinha (OPNF). As farinhas mistas foram preparadas pela mistura de farinhas de banana (WGBF ou GPBF) com níveis crescentes de OPNF (5 a 25%). As farinhas foram analisadas quanto a características físico-químicas, teores de minerais, índice de absorção de água (IAA), índice de solubilidade em água (ISA) e cor. O principal componente das farinhas de banana foi o amido, com maior teor na GBPF. A WGBF apresentou maior teor de minerais, com o potássio em maior quantidade. A farinha de ora-pro-nóbis apresentou altos teores proteico e mineral. Independentemente do tipo de farinha de banana, as farinhas mistas mostraram-se mais escuras, tiveram maior absorção de água e aumentos consideráveis de Mg, Fe e Zn. Misturas de farinhas de banana e farinha de folha de ora-pro-nóbis podem ser uma combinação viável para a formulação de diversos produtos alimentícios, devido às suas propriedades nutricionais e tecnológicas.

RESUMO A indução ao florescimento artificial em mangueira é o manejo cultural mais importante em pomares e requer maior atenção dos produtores. O manejo envolve três etapas: paralisação do crescimento das plantas, maturação dos ramos e indução ao florescimento com nitratos. A primeira etapa começa com a aplicação de paclobutrazol ao solo. Porém, são comuns problemas com o uso de concentrações excessivas, que levam ao acúmulo de resíduos no solo. Além disso, o uso de paclobutrazol não é permitido na agricultura orgânica. Objetivou-se, neste artigo de revisão, compilar informações sobre as atualizações e esforços para solucionar esses problemas em lavouras convencionais de manga, bem como identificar alternativas para o seu manejo orgânico. Em pomares convencionais, a aplicação de ácidos fúlvicos em associação a paclobutrazol, como alternativa ao uso exclusivo de paclobutrazol, foi identificada como forma de melhorar a absorção do produto pelas plantas e, consequentemente, reduzir as concentrações e resíduos no solo. Pesquisas envolvendo poda, anelamento, fertilização e irrigação devem ser desenvolvidas como alternativa ao uso de paclobutrazol para o cultivo orgânico de cultivares de manga em regiões tropicais e subtropicais.

ABSTRACT The artificial flowering induction in mango tree is the most important crop management in mango orchards and requires greater attention from growers. The management involves three steps: stoppage of plant growth, branch maturation and flowering induction with nitrates. The first stage starts with the application of paclobutrazol to the soil. However, problems with the use of excessive concentrations are common and lead to the accumulation of residues in the soil. In addition, the use of paclobutrazol is not allowed in organic agriculture. Therefore, this review article aimed to compile information about the updates and efforts to solve these problems in conventional mango crops, as well as identify alternatives for its organic management. In conventional orchards, the application of fulvic acids in association with paclobutrazol, as an alternative to the single use of paclobutrazol, was identified as a way to improve the absorption of the product by plants and, consequently, reduce the concentrations and residues in the soil. Researches involving pruning, girdling, fertilization and irrigation should be developed as an alternative to the use of paclobutrazol for the organic crop system of mango cultivars in tropical and subtropical regions.

Resumo O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar cultivares de bananeira quanto aos seus rendimentos agronômicos e características de amido. O experimento foi realizado em blocos ao acaso, com arranjo fatorial de duas cultivares ('BRS Conquista' e 'BRS Platina') e dois ciclos da cultura, com três plantas por tratamento e cinco repetições. Avaliaram-se a produção e a qualidade do amido dos frutos. 'BRS Conquista' apresentou frutos menores; no entanto, mostrou maior massa comercial e produtividade do cacho do que 'BRS Platina'. Os amidos diferiram quanto às principais características físico-químicas, exceto quanto ao padrão de difração de raios X (tipo B) e teor de fósforo (0,0058–0,0060%). 'BRS Platina' destacou-se por seu maior teor de amido resistente (74,55%) que diferiu do amido isolado de 'BRS Conquista'. No entanto, o amido de 'BRS Conquista' apresentou as seguintes características: grânulos maiores (34,74 µm), com maior cristalinidade (33,64%); menor poder de inchamento e solubilidade (26,77 g g-1 e 19,21%, respectivamente); e maiores quebra de viscosidade, tendência à retrogradação e viscosidade final (67,06, 182,42 e 341,39 RVU, respectivamente). 'BRS Conquista' mostra características de produção favoráveis ao processamento para extração de amido. O maior teor de amido resistente de 'BRS Platina' pode justificar comercialmente sua menor produção agronômica. Os amidos das duas cultivares apresentam características desejáveis para aplicações industriais diversas.

Abstract The objective of this work was to evaluate the banana cultivars for their agronomic yield and starch characteristics. The experiment was carried out in a randomized complete block design, with a factorial arrangement of two cultivars ('BRS Conquista' and 'BRS Platina') and two crop cycles, with three plants per treatment, and five replicates. Fruit yield and starch quality were evaluated. 'BRS Conquista' showed smaller fruit; however, it had a greater marketable bunch weight and yield than 'BRS Platina'. Starches differed for the main physicochemical characteristics, except for X-ray diffraction pattern (B type) and phosphorus content (0.0058–0.0060%). 'BRS Platina' stood out for its higher content of resistant starch (74.55%) that differed from the starch isolated from 'BRS Conquista'. However, the starch of 'BRS Conquista' showed the following characteristics: larger granules (34.74 µm), with greater crystallinity (33.64%); less swelling power and solubility (26.77 g g-1 and 19.21%, respectively); and greater breakdown, setback and final viscosity (67.06, 182.42, and 341.39 RVU, respectively). 'BRS Conquista' shows favorable production characteristics for processing to obtain starch. The higher resistant starch content of 'BRS Platina' may commercially justify its lower agronomic yield. Starches of the two cultivars show desirable characteristics for different industrial applications.

ABSTRACT. Some plants do not demand a lot of chilling hours, but methods to overcome dormancy promote more vigorous and productive plant. This study aimed to assess hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer with different concentration to growth and production in ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fig tree. Two crop cycles (2015/2016 and 2016/2017) was performed in São Manuel city, São Paulo State, Brazil. Phenological and productive data was evaluated in a 2 x 5 factorial (Product x Concentration), organized in randomized complete block design, with three trees by plot. The factor products had as level hydrogen cyanamide and nitrogen fertilizer and the factor concentrations was constituted by 0, 1, 2, 3, and 4%. Furthermore, the following data was evaluated: number of days for budbreak, number of buds per plant, harvest period, branch length and diameter, leaf number, leaf area, number of fruits per plant, fruit mass, production and yield. Results indicated that both products anticipated the sprouting and promoted a higher number of buds overcome the dormancy. Plant production was higher in both cycles when the products were used (2.1 and 2.7, respectively). At last, hydrogen cyanamide showed better outcomes due to the higher number of fruits and production.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar os padrões fenológicos, o crescimento vegetativo e as características de rendimento de variedades de figueira (Ficus carica) no Sudeste brasileiro. As variedades 'Roxo de Valinhos', White Genova, PI-189 e Troyano foram distribuídas em delineamento de blocos ao acaso e avaliadas em campo. As seguintes características foram avaliadas: número de dias entre a poda e o início da brotação; teor de clorofila das folhas; número de brotos por ramo; comprimento, diâmetro e número de entrenós de cada ramo; número de folhas por planta; área foliar; número de frutos por planta; massa, comprimento e diâmetro dos frutos; produção e produtividade; e duração (dias) de cada estágio fenológico, tais como modelos de requerimento térmico. 'Roxo de Valinhos' e White Genova brotaram mais rapidamente e apresentaram maior número de brotações. Troyano obteve os maiores diâmetro e comprimento dos ramos, assim como maior número de frutos por planta, os quais tiveram os menores diâmetro, comprimento e massa. Além disso, Troyano apresentou colheita mais tardia e necessidade térmica de 4.577,31 graus-dia. 'Roxo de Valinhos' e White Genova apresentaram frutos com maior massa, diâmetro e comprimento. Troyano apresenta melhor desenvolvimento vegetativo e produz mais frutos por planta do que 'Roxo de Valinhos', mas os rendimentos de ambos os genótipos são similares.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological patterns, vegetative growth, and yield characteristics of fig (Ficus carica)varieties in Southeastern Brazil. The 'Roxo de Valinhos', White Genova, PI-189, and Troyano varieties were distributed in a randomized complete block design and evaluated in the field. The following characteristics were assessed: number of days between pruning and the beginning of sprouting; leaf chlorophyll content; number of shoots on each branch; length, diameter, and number of internodes on each branch; number of leaves per plant; leaf area; number of fruit per plant; mass, length, and diameter of fruit; production and yield; and duration (days) of each phenological stage, such as thermal requirement models. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova sprouted the fastest and showed the largest number of shoots. Troyano obtained the greatest branch length and diameter, as well as the greatest number of fruit per plant, which had the shortest diameter and length and the lowest mass of fruit. Furthermore, Troyano showed the latest harvest, besides the thermal requirement of 4,577.31 degree-days. 'Roxo de Valinhos' and White Genova produced fruit with the greatest average mass and diameter and the longest length. Troyano shows better vegetative growth and produces more fruit per plant than 'Roxo de Valinhos', but both genotypes show similar yields.

ABSTRACT. Calcium chloride application on fruits maintains the firmness of fruits, decreases storage breakdown and rot, extends shelf-life, and increases vitamin C and calcium content. Blackberries have low post-harvest durability due to the intrinsic characteristics of their fruits, mainly the high respiratory rate and low firmness, which causes problems in the production chain of fresh fruits. The current study aimed to evaluate the effects of pre-harvest application of calcium chloride on the fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry (Rubus spp.). A randomized block design for a factorial scheme was used, i.e. calcium chloride concentrations (0, 1.5, 3, and 4.5%) and number of applications (1, 2, and 3). Multiple applications occurred between 5-day intervals. The results showed that the calcium content in the fruits increased with a single application of 2.2%, but a decrease in mass loss was observed with a 4.5% application. The results also indicated great firmness and ascorbic acid content of fruits of ‘Tupy’ blackberry, in addition to the significant increase in fruit size and mass. However, in general, the content of soluble solids, sugars, antioxidant activity and total polyphenols decreased.

RESUMEN La banano es la segunda fruta con mayor volumen comercializado en el mundo. Por el hecho de ser una fruta muy apreciada por el consumidor brasileño, en los últimos años surgieron diversas tecnologías que ayudan al cultivo del plátano, principalmente relacionadas a la calidad de los frutos. En este contexto, el trabajo tuvo como objetivo evaluar la influencia de la coloración de las bolsas plásticas empleadas en el embolsado de racimos del banano 'BRS Conquista' sobre la producción y calidad de los frutos. Los tratamientos consistieron en el uso de bolsas de polietileno comerciales, en los colores blanco, negro, rojo y azul, además del testigo (sin embolsado). El diseño experimental fue en bloques casualizados, con cinco tratamientos, cuatro repeticiones y cuatro plantas por parcela, totalizando 80 plantas. Se evaluó la masa del racimo, masa de la raquis, masa del los frutos, número de frutos por racimo, número de pencas por racimo, masa de las pencas, número, longitud y diámetro de frutos de la segunda penca, y las características físico-químicas de los frutos, como sólidos solubles, acidez titulable, relación pulpa/cáscara e índice de maduración. Se verificó que el embolsado de los racimos con bolsas plásticas de diferentes colores no interfirió en las variables productivas. Sin embargo, en los racimos que no recibieron embolsado se observaron mayores contenidos de sólidos solubles que en los racimos empacados.

ABSTRACT Worldwide, the second most traded fruit is banana, which is highly appreciated by Brazilian consumers. Moreover, new technologies have been used to improve fruit quality during cultivation. This study aimed to assess the influence of plastic bag colors on the production and quality of banana 'BRS Conquista'. The treatments consisted of the use of commercial polypropylene bags e colored white, black, red or blue, in addition to the control (non-bagged). This study used a randomized complete block design with five treatments, four replicates and four plants per plot, totalling 80 plants. The assessments consisted of bunch mass; rachis mass; fruit total mass; mean cluster mass; number of fruits per bunch and per cluster; and fruit length and diameter; along with fruits physicochemical traits, such as soluble solids, titratable acidity, pulp/peel ratio and maturation index. The results indicated that no interference was obtained from the different plastic bag colors in the productive variables. However, a greater content of soluble solids was observed in the non-bagged bunches.

ABSTRACT The induction of sprouting is a fundamental practice to grow temperate fruits in warmer regions, as the use of alternative products are necessary. This study aimed to verify the influence of foliar nitrogen fertilizer application to induce bud sprouting at different doses in three types of peach cultivars, regarding fruit quality, in Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo. This study occurred at the experimental orchard of Botucatu Agriculture School of Universidade Estadual Paulista (FCA/UNESP) in 2015 and 2016. Evaluations consisted of three cultivars Douradáo, BRS Kampai and BRS Rubimel; and four doses of foliar nitrogen fertilizer (0; 1.25; 2.50 and 3.75%) with 4% calcium nitrate in all treatments. A randomized experimental design was conducted with 12 treatments, 4 replicates and 5 fruits per plot, that is, 240 evaluated fruits in each productive cycle. Fruits produced by cultivar BRS Rubimel showed the highest mean mass among the others, being greater than 100 g, regardless of applied dose. In this study, different doses influenced physical, physicochemical and biochemical attributes of fruits in all cultivars. However, both cultivars showed good quality standards in terms of size, high soluble solids content and low acidity, being recommended for direct consumption in Botucatu, state of Sao Paulo.

RESUMEN La inducción de brotación es una práctica fundamental en el cultivo de frutales en regiones de clima caliente. El objetivo de este trabajo fue evaluar el efecto de productos alternativos con la aplicación de diferentes dosis del fertilizante foliar nitrogenado (FFN), para inducir a la brotación y la calidad de frutos de tres cultivares de durazno en Botucatu - SP. El trabajo fue realizado durante los años 2015 y 2016, en la Estación Experimental de la Facultad de Ciencias Agronómicas de la Universidad Estadual Paulista, campus de Botucatu, SP. Los cultivares evaluados fueron durazno Douradáo, BRS Kampai y BRS Rubimel, con cuatro dosis de FFN: 0; 1,25; 2,50 y 3,75%, asociadas al 4% de nitrato de calcio. El diseño experimental fue en bloques al azar, con 12 tratamientos, 4 repeticiones y 5 frutos por parcela, totalizando 240frutos evaluados, en cada ciclo productivo. Los frutos producidos por el cultivar BRS Rubimel presentaron el mayor peso medio de los tres cultivares analizados, y fue superior a 100 g, indepen dientemente de la dosis del FFN utilizada. Las diferentes dosis del FFN utilizadas en este trabajo afectaron las características organolépticas de los frutos de los cultivares evaluados, en aspectos físicos, fisicoquímicos y bioquímicos. Los cultivares BRS Kampai y BRS Rubimel presentaron frutos con patrones óptimos de calidad en cuanto al tamaño, contenido de sólidos solubles y baja acidez, y son recomendados para producción destinada al consumo fresco en la región de Botucatu - SP.

Resumo: O objetivo deste trabalho foi avaliar as características fenológicas e a produção da videira 'Vênus' (Vitis labrusca) sobre diferentes porta-enxertos, assim como as características físico-químicas da uva, durante as safras de 2013, 2014 e 2015. Avaliaram-se os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' e 'IAC 571-6'. A duração dos principais estádios fenológicos da videira e suas exigências térmicas foram avaliadas em dois ciclos de produção e expressas em dias após a poda e acúmulo de graus-dia, respectivamente. As características produtivas das videiras e as físico-químicas das uvas foram avaliadas durante três ciclos. O ciclo fenológico e as exigências térmicas da videira 'Vênus', bem como as características químicas de suas uvas, variaram com as condições climáticas durante as safras. As baixas temperaturas proporcionaram aumento do ciclo da videira, e os maiores índices pluviais acarretaram a redução do teor de sólidos solúveis e o aumento da acidez titulável das uvas. Os porta-enxertos 'IAC 766' e 'IAC 571-6' promovem maior precocidade na videira 'Vênus', e 'IAC 572' proporciona maior produção das videiras e melhores características físico-químicas das uvas 'Vênus'.

Abstract: The objective of this work was to evaluate the phenological characteristics and yield of 'Vênus' grapevine (Vitis labrusca) grafted onto different rootstocks, as well the physicochemical traits of its grapes during the 2013, 2014, and 2015 crop seasons. The evaluated rootstocks were 'IAC 766', 'IAC 572', 'IAC 313' and 'IAC 571-6'. The length of the main phenological stages of the grapevine and its thermal demands were assessed during two growing seasons and expressed as days after pruning and degree-day sum, respectively. Grapevine yield and berry physicochemical characteristics were assessed during three crop seasons. 'Vênus' phenological cycle and thermal demands, as well as the chemical characteristics of its grapes, varied with the climate conditions during the crop seasons. Low temperatures increased the grapevine cycle, and higher rainfall indices caused a decrease in the soluble solids of berries, as well as an increase in their titratable acidity. The 'IAC 766' and 'IAC 571-6' rootstocks promote a greater precocity to 'Venus' grapevines, and 'IAC 572' promotes a higher grapevine yield and better physicochemical characteristics of 'Vênus' grapes.

O figo possui problemas quanto à sua conservação no período pós-colheita, visto que é fruta climatérica e de alta perecibilidade. Diante disto, o trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar o uso de cloreto de cálcio em pós-colheita, em frutos do cultivar de figueira ‘Roxo de Valinhos’. Foram utilizados frutos colhidos em pomar experimental da Universidade Estadual Paulista "Júlio de Mesquita Filho" (UNESP), localizada no município de Botucatu, estado de São Paulo, Brasil. Os frutos foram transportados para o departamento de Horticultura, onde receberam tratamento com 0, 1, 2 e 3% de CaCl2, pelo método de imersão. Posteriormente, foram armazenados em câmara fria (5± 1ºC e UR 80± 5%), embalados em bandejas de poliestireno expandido e envoltos por filme PVC. As variáveis avaliadas foram: firmeza, pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez titulável, índice de maturação e teor de açúcares totais, redutores e não redutores após 5, 10, 15 e 20 dias de armazenamento. Avaliou-se ainda a perda percentual de massa, em intervalos de 2 dias, até ao vigésimo dia de armazenamento. O uso de cloreto de cálcio em pós-colheita promoveu poucas alterações na qualidade dos frutos durante o armazenamento. Todas as características de qualidade dos frutos variaram em função do período de armazenamento, com exceção dos teores de açúcares totais e sólidos solúveis.

The fig fruits have problems with their post-harvest shelf-life, due to the fact that the fruit is climacteric and it has high perishability. Faced with this issue, this paper objective was to evaluate the use of calcium chloride in the post-harvest period of ‘Roxo de Valinhos’ fruits. The fruits were harvested from an experimental orchard and sent to the horticulture department, where they were treated with different concentrations of CaCl2 (0, 1, 2, and 3%), using the dipping method. The fruits were stored in cold chamber (5±1ºC and 80± 5% RH), packed with polystyrene trays and covered with PVC film. Evaluations were realized at 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after storage, when were observed the following characteristics: firmness, pH, total soluble solids, titratable acidity, maturation index and sugar content. The weight loss percentage was also evaluated every 2 days until the 20th day of storage. Calcium chloride applications on the post-harvest period of fig fruits promoted few changes in the fruit quality during the storage period. All the quality characteristics vary over the days of storage, except total sugar content and total soluble solids.

O emprego de bioestimulantes vegetais como técnica agronômica para se otimizar a produção de mudas tem sido utilizado em diversas culturas, possibilitando obter mudas com qualidade em menor tempo de viveiro. Este trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar os efeitos do bioestimulante Stimulate®, no desenvolvimento inicial de plantas de maracujazeiro ‘BRS Rubi do Cerrado’. O experimento foi realizado em viveiro telado com 50% de sombreamento, em delineamento em blocos casualizados com parcelas subdivididas, sendo a parcelas representadas pelas doses de Stimulate® (30, 60, 90, 120 e 150 mL L-1) e a testemunha, e as subparcelas pelas épocas de avaliações (0, 15, 30, 45 e 60 dias após a aplicação do produto). As pulverizações foram realizadas aos 0, 7, 14 e 21 dias após a transplantação das mudas para as sacolas plásticas. O produto foi diluído em água e nas plantas correspondentes ao controle (testemunha) foi aplicado somente água. Foram avaliados: comprimento do caule e da maior raiz, diâmetro do caule, número de folhas, área foliar, área foliar específica, razão da área foliar, massa seca de folhas, caule e raízes, e índice SPAD. Os dados obtidos foram submetidos à análise de variância e regressão polinomial, aos níveis de 1 e 5% de probabilidade. O uso do bioestimulante Stimulate®, promoveu inibição do crescimento das mudas do maracujazeiro cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado e o efeito das doses não varia em função dos dias após a aplicação do produto.

The use of vegetable biostimulants as an agronomic technique to optimize the production of seedlings has been used in crop management, this makes it possible to obtain plants with higher quality in less time nursery. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of Stimulate® bio stimulant, in the early development of passion fruit plants 'BRS Rubi Cerrado'. The experiment was carried out in a nursery with 50% shading, a randomized complete block design with subdivided plots. The plots correspond to the doses of Stimulate® (30, 60, 90, 120 and 150 mL L-1) and the control, and the sub-plots for the evaluation periods (0, 15, 30, 45 and 60 days after application of the product). Sprays were made at 0, 7, 14 and 21 days after transplantation of the seedlings for plastic bags. The product was diluted with water and the corresponding control plants was applied only water. The length of stem and largest root, stem diameter, number of leaves, leaf area, specific leaf area, leaf area ratio, leaves, stem and root dry weight, and SPAD index were evaluated. Data were submitted to analysis of variance and regression, at 1 and 5% probability levels. The use of the Stimulate® biostimulant, promoted inhibition of the growth of passion fruit cv. BRS Rubi do Cerrado and the effect of the doses does not differ according to the days after the application of the product.

RESUMO Tem sido demostrado que os porta-enxertos podem influenciar as características da uva, no entanto, há poucos dados na literatura sobre o efeito dos porta-enxertos nas características dos vinhos, especialmente quando elaborados com uvas Vitis labrusca ou híbridas. O objetivo do trabalho foi avaliar a influência de porta-enxertos nas características físico-químicas dos mostos e vinhos Bordô, Isabel e IAC 138-22 Máximo. Foram utilizadas uvas ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ e IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’, enxertadas sobre os porta-enxertos ‘IAC 766’ e ‘106-8 Mgt’. Os mostos foram avaliados pelo pH, sólidos solúveis, acidez total e relação sólidos solúveis/acidez. Nos vinhos, avaliou-se: densidade, teor alcoólico, acidez total, volátil e fixa; pH, extrato seco, açúcares redutores, extrato seco reduzido, álcool em peso/extrato seco reduzido; dióxido de enxofre livre e total; antocianinas, índice de polifenóis (I 280); polifenóis e flavonoides totais e atividade antioxidante. Os mostos das uvas ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ e IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ apresentaram baixos teores de sólidos solúveis para vinificação. O porta-enxerto ‘106-8 Mgt’ promoveu maior teor de extrato seco e extrato seco reduzido no vinho Bordô, e menor acidez total e fixa no vinho IAC 138-22 Máximo. No vinho Isabel, maior pH foi promovido pelo porta-enxerto ‘IAC 766’. Com exceção da baixa acidez total do vinho Bordô, todas as características físico-químicas dos vinhos estudados estão de acordo com a legislação brasileira. Não houve efeito dos porta-enxertos nos teores de compostos fenólicos e na atividade antioxidante dos vinhos.

ABSTRACT It has been demonstrated that rootstocks can influence grape characteristics, but there are few data in literature about the rootstocks influence in the wine characteristics, especially in wines elaborated with Vitis labrusca or hybrid grapes. This study evaluated the influence of ‘IAC 766’ and ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstocks on the physicochemical characteristics of ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ and ‘IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ musts and wines. The musts were evaluated for pH, soluble solids, total acidity and soluble solids/acidity ratio. The wines were evaluated for density, alcohol content; total, volatile and fixed acidity; pH, dry extract, reducing sugars, reduced dry extract, alcohol in weight/reduced dry extract; free and total sulfur dioxide; anthocyanins, polyphenols index (I 280); polyphenols and total flavonoids and antioxidant activity. The ‘Bordô’, ‘Isabel’ and IAC 138-22 ‘Máximo’ musts had low soluble solids for winemaking. The ‘106-8 Mgt’ rootstock promoted higher dry extract content and reduced dry extract in Bordô wine, and lower total and fixed acidity in IAC 138-22 Máximo wine. In Isabel wine, higher pH was promoted by the ‘IAC 766’ rootstock. Aside from low total acidity of the Bordô wine, all the physicochemical characteristics of the wines studied are in accordance with Brazilian law. There was no effect of rootstocks in the phenolics content and antioxidant activity of wines.